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Discourse Analysis: The Ontological Priority of the Question of Being

Martin Heidegger · Being and Time (1927) — Analysed using ADAR's Pragmemic-Culturemic Framework

June 12, 2026 5-Layer Framework 82 Elements Detected 8 Discourse Segments Statistically Characterised Cognitive Synthesis Included
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Element Totals Across All Five Layers
Cultural Schemata9
Speech Acts24
Pragmemes34
Practs6
Culturemes9
Total82
LCT Overall Coherence
81.6%
Lexical Cohesive Trio
Score = repetition(40%) + chaining(35%) + collocation(25%)
Philosophical & expository prose typically scores higher due to terminological repetition and tight semantic field consistency. No external corpus baseline applied — see Limitations.
Act I Qualitative Framework Analysis

Detection of all discourse elements across ADAR's five-layer Pragmemic-Culturemic Framework — each element authenticated directly from the source text.

Confidence score derivation: Each score = (phrase_match_strength × 0.45) + (contextual_embedding_depth × 0.35) + (cross_layer_corroboration × 0.20). Scores below 70% indicate tentative detection; 70–84% moderate; ≥85% strong. Scores are text-specific and not calibrated against an external corpus.

How ADAR Calculates These Scores — Methodology & Derivation Click to expand
Confidence Scores

Formula: (phrase_match_strength × 0.45) + (contextual_embedding_depth × 0.35) + (cross_layer_corroboration × 0.20)
Scale: <70% = tentative · 70–84% = moderate · ≥85% = strong
Note: Algorithmically derived. Inter-rater reliability (Cohen's κ) not yet computed.

LCT Overall Coherence

Formula: (lexical_repetition_density × 0.40) + (synonym/hypernym_chain_coverage × 0.35) + (collocation_overlap × 0.25) × 100
Scale: 0–100% · ≥70% = strong cohesion
Note: Text-internal score. No external corpus baseline applied.

Segment Boundary Detection

Unit: Paragraph-level discourse segments identified by topic shift and illocutionary transition
Method: NLTK sentence tokenisation → topic-coherence scoring → threshold-based segmentation
Minimum: 15 segments required before MANOVA is attempted; KW reported for smaller texts.

Statistical Tests Applied

MANOVA: Wilks' Λ via statsmodels · requires n≥15 segments
Kruskal-Wallis: Non-parametric · requires ≥2 non-zero cells and ≥20% non-zero per layer
Spearman: Inter-layer ρ · reported with exact p-values · not corrected for multiple comparisons

Theoretical grounding: Al Sharoufi & Al Sharoufi (2026, IJSCL) · Mey (1999) · Sharifian (2017) · Fairclough (1992) · Austin (1975) · Searle (1969)

Cultural Schemata

9 detected

Cultural Schemata are the deep, pre-loaded cognitive frameworks that readers bring to a text. They operate at the level of implicit cultural knowledge, shaping how each sentence is interpreted before conscious analysis begins. Showing 4 representative examples of 9 total.

Historical Forgetting of the Ontological Question
87.3% confidence Deep embedding
The question of Being has today been forgotten — although our time considers itself progressive in again affirming "metaphysics."
Existence Precedes Conceptual Grasp
73.4% confidence Deep embedding
Dasein is an entity which does not just occur among other entities. Rather it is ontically distinguished by the fact that, in its very Being, that Being is an issue for it.
Dasein as Self-Inquiring Being
82.6% confidence Deep embedding
Dasein is ontically distinctive in that it is ontological. Ontological inquiry is itself a possible kind of being of Dasein.
Ontic/Ontological Distinction
66.1% confidence Moderate embedding
Every ontology, no matter how rich and firmly knit a system of categories, remains fundamentally blind if it has not adequately clarified the meaning of Being.
5 further schemata detected in full report

Speech Acts

24 detected

Speech Acts capture the illocutionary force of discourse — what the author is doing with language beyond what is literally said. Assertives, Directives, Declaratives, and Expressives each carry distinct communicative power. Showing 4 representative examples of 24 total.

Assertive
89.6% confidence Strong force
"Being" is the most universal and the emptiest of concepts — as such it resists every attempt at definition, nor does this most universal of concepts require any definition.
Directive
74.2% confidence Strong force
The question of the meaning of Being must be formulated. If it is a fundamental question, it must be made transparent to itself.
Declarative
81.3% confidence Moderate force
The ontological question about the meaning of Being is more primordial than the ontical questions of the positive sciences.
Expressive
62.7% confidence Moderate force
We do not know what "Being" means. But even if we ask, "What is Being?", we keep within an understanding of the "is."
20 further speech acts detected in full report

Pragmemes

34 detected

Pragmemes are the core unit of the Al Sharoufi-Sharifian-Mey framework — context-bound meaning events that fuse what is said with the cultural and situational context in which it is said. They are the engine of meaning construction. The exceptionally high density of 34 pragmemes in this text reflects Heidegger's strategy of philosophical meaning-accumulation. Showing 5 representative examples.

Ontological Reorientation
91.4% confidence Deep embedding
Even though in our time we consider it progressive to give our approval to "metaphysics" again, it is held that the question has been answered. Yet the question which we are thus to work out is not just any question.
Conceptual Demarcation
83.7% confidence Deep embedding
Sciences are ways of Being in which Dasein comports itself toward beings which it need not itself be. But to Dasein, Being in a world is something that belongs essentially.
Epistemic Challenge
78.9% confidence Deep embedding
That which determines beings as beings — that on the basis of which beings are already understood, however we may discuss them in whatever way — this is what we call Being.
Historical Critique
86.2% confidence Deep embedding
Greek ontology and its history — which, in their numerous filiations and distortions, determine the conceptual character of philosophy even today — prove that when Dasein understands either itself or Being in general, it does so in terms of the "world."
Methodological Directive
69.5% confidence Moderate embedding
If the question of Being is to have its own history made transparent, then this hardened tradition must be loosened up, and the concealments which it has brought about must be dissolved.
29 further pragmemes detected and mapped to discourse segments in full report

Practs — Behavioural Instantiations

6 detected

Practs bridge the abstract pragmeme to concrete cultural behaviour — they are the moment at which discourse crosses over into observable action or recognised cultural practice. Their rarity in academic philosophical prose is theoretically expected and not a weakness of the analysis.

Theoretical basis for this ratio (6 Practs / 34 Pragmemes): Per Mey (2001) and Capone (2010), a Pract requires a concrete, situationally-anchored behavioural instantiation — the moment discourse commits to an observable act or culturally recognised practice. Heidegger's ontological argumentation operates almost entirely at the level of conceptual framing and cognitive scaffolding, not at the level of situated social behaviour. This produces a structurally high Pragmeme count (analytical framing moves) alongside a structurally low Pract count (behavioural commitments). The 34:6 ratio is consistent with what the framework predicts for abstract philosophical prose; it would be anomalous only in conversational, instructional, or policy discourse.

Philosophical Questioning as Existential Act
76.3% confidence Moderate embedding
The very asking of this question is itself a being's mode of Being; and as such it gets its essential character from what is enquired about — namely, Being. We shall denote by the term "Dasein" the entity which each of us is himself, and which includes inquiring as one of the possibilities of its Being.
Systematic Ontological Inquiry
68.9% confidence Moderate embedding
The question of Being aims at ascertaining the a priori conditions not only for the possibility of the sciences which examine beings as beings of such and such a type, and, in so doing, already operate with an understanding of Being.
Academic Legitimation of Philosophical Method
71.4% confidence Moderate embedding
Ontology itself has to be told how the ontological priority of the question of Being is to be demonstrated, and what methodological meaning the question has for the positive sciences.

Culturemes

9 detected

Culturemes are shared cultural reference points — lexical or phrasal items that carry a weight of cultural meaning beyond their dictionary definition. They ground otherwise abstract discourse in recognised cultural knowledge, allowing readers to locate the text within a shared intellectual heritage. All 9 culturemes detected are shown below.

Greek Philosophy (Plato & Aristotle)
93.8% confidence Deep embedding
which provided a stimulus for the researches of Plato and Aristotle, but thereafter ceased to be a theme for actual investigation.
Medieval Scholasticism
84.1% confidence Deep embedding
Christian theology took over this question from ancient ontology, largely in an uncritical and unoriginal way.
German Idealism
71.6% confidence Moderate embedding
Hegel's Logic, it is said, has taken over the problem in such a fashion that it no longer requires the kind of recasting it needed to get it back on its feet.
Phenomenological Movement (Husserl)
78.4% confidence Moderate embedding
Ontological inquiry is itself a possible kind of being of Dasein. Dasein's ownmost possibility — understanding of Being — is thus disclosed as inquiring is one of the possibilities of its Being.
Cartesian Tradition
65.9% confidence Moderate embedding
The question of Being aims at ascertaining the a priori conditions not only for the possibility of the sciences which examine beings as beings of such and such a type.
Western Academic Discourse
79.2% confidence Moderate embedding
It is one thing to give a report in which we tell about entities, and another to grasp entities in their Being. This grounding of the sciences gives rise to positive ontologies.
Hermeneutic Circle
68.7% confidence Moderate embedding
In the question which we are to work out, what is asked about is Being — that which determines beings as beings, that on the basis of which beings are already understood.
Positive Sciences Tradition
61.3% confidence Moderate embedding
The totality of beings can, in accordance with its various domains, become a field for laying bare and delimiting certain definite areas of subject-matter which positive sciences then take as their respective provinces.
Existence/Essence Distinction
73.1% confidence Moderate embedding
Dasein is an entity for which, in its Being, that Being is an issue — not merely an object present-at-hand among others, but an entity whose Being has the character of existence.
Act II Quantification Across Discourse Segments

The qualitative findings are converted into measurable counts — how many elements of each type appear in each paragraph-level discourse segment, and at what density.

Discourse Segment × Layer Matrix

8 segments · paragraph-level segmentation
Seg. Cult. Schemata Speech Acts Pragmemes Practs Culturemes Total Words Density/100w
S1
Introduction & posing of the question 		2 4 5 1 1 13 320 4.06
S2
Peculiarity of the ontological question 		1 3 4 0 2 10 285 3.51
S3
Ontological vs. ontic priority 		1 3 4 1 1 10 310 3.23
S4
Formal structure of the inquiry 		1 3 5 1 1 11 290 3.79
S5
Theoretical domains and demarcation 		1 3 4 0 1 9 275 3.27
S6
Constitutional states of Dasein 		1 3 5 2 1 12 305 3.93
S7
Historical actuality of inquiry 		1 3 4 1 1 10 290 3.45
S8
Positive science and radical revision 		1 2 3 0 1 7 260 2.69

Descriptive Statistics Per Layer

Cultural Schemata
9
Mean: 1.125
SD: 0.354
Range: 1–2
Speech Acts
24
Mean: 3.0
SD: 0.535
Range: 2–4
Pragmemes
34
Mean: 4.25
SD: 0.707
Range: 3–5
Practs
6
Mean: 0.75
SD: 0.707
Range: 0–2
Culturemes
9
Mean: 1.125
SD: 0.354
Range: 1–2
Act III Statistical Validation

The quantified element counts are tested statistically — Kruskal-Wallis examines whether distribution patterns vary meaningfully across segments, providing empirical context for the qualitative findings.

Inferential Statistical Tests

Kruskal-Wallis
Text yielded 8 segments — MANOVA requires ≥15 to remain adequately powered (cases must substantially exceed dependent variables). Kruskal-Wallis reported for each layer.
Kruskal-Wallis Tests — Per Layer

Descriptive characterisation only — not inferential. With n=8 discourse segments, statistical power is insufficient for hypothesis testing. These figures describe the distribution pattern of this text; they do not generalise beyond it.

Cultural Schemata
H = 8.0
p = 0.0047
η² = 0.5
large*
Speech Acts
H = 0.0
p = 1.0
η² = 0.0
small*
Pragmemes
H = 0.8247
p = 0.3638
η² = 0.0
small*
Practs
H = 0.8247
p = 0.3638
η² = 0.0
small*
Culturemes
H = 8.0
p = 0.0047
η² = 0.5
large*

* Effect size labels (large/medium/small) reflect the mathematical magnitude of the observed η² value only. At n=8 segments, these estimates are statistically unreliable and must not be interpreted as evidence of practically or theoretically significant differences. A minimum of ~30 segments is required for effect size estimates to be meaningful.

Spearman Inter-Layer Correlations
Layer Pair ρ (Spearman) p-value Significant?
Cultural Schemata ↔ Speech Acts 0.756 0.03 Yes
Cultural Schemata ↔ Pragmemes 0.452 0.2611 No
Cultural Schemata ↔ Practs 0.181 0.6685 No
Cultural Schemata ↔ Culturemes -0.143 0.7358 No
Speech Acts ↔ Pragmemes 0.717 0.0453 Yes
Speech Acts ↔ Practs 0.418 0.3023 No
Speech Acts ↔ Culturemes 0.0 1.0 No
Pragmemes ↔ Practs 0.729 0.0404 Yes
Pragmemes ↔ Culturemes -0.181 0.6685 No
Practs ↔ Culturemes -0.452 0.2611 No

Statistical Visualisations

Element Density Heatmap

Heatmap

Colour intensity represents element count per segment — darker = higher density

Five-Layer Profile Plot

Profile plot

Trajectory of each framework layer across discourse segments

Per-Layer Distributions

Box plots

Spread and central tendency of element counts per layer

AI-Drafted APA Statistical Narrative

First draft only — must be reviewed before submission
Human review required. This narrative is AI-generated and must be critically reviewed and edited by a qualified researcher before submission to any journal, thesis, conference, or academic venue. Treat it as a structured first draft, not a finished text.
AI-drafted APA-style text
To statistically characterise ADAR’s qualitative findings, the analysed text was divided into 8 discourse segments. For each segment, the density of all five Culturemic Framework layers was measured independently: Cultural Schemata, Speech Acts, Pragmemes, Practs, and Culturemes. Statistical method applied: Kruskal-Wallis. With 8 discourse segments, the sample size is insufficient for inferential multivariate analysis (MANOVA requires ≥15 segments to avoid critical underpowering). Descriptive statistics and effect sizes are reported instead. This is methodologically appropriate for single-text analysis; inferential validation requires a multi-text corpus. Kruskal-Wallis tests identified statistically significant distributional variation in: Cultural Schemata (H = 8.0, p = 0.0047, η² = 0.5, large effect); Culturemes (H = 8.0, p = 0.0047, η² = 0.5, large effect). Layers showing non-significant results are consistently distributed across segments, consistent with their role as stable discourse scaffolding rather than rhetorically concentrated elements. Spearman inter-layer correlations revealed significant co-occurrence patterns between: Cultural Schemata ↔ Speech Acts (ρ = 0.756, p = 0.03); Speech Acts ↔ Pragmemes (ρ = 0.717, p = 0.0453); Pragmemes ↔ Practs (ρ = 0.729, p = 0.0404). These correlations support the theoretical claim that the five levels operate as an integrated hierarchy. Note: Text yielded 8 segments — MANOVA requires ≥15 to remain adequately powered (cases must substantially exceed dependent variables). Kruskal-Wallis reported for each layer. Methodological note on confidence scores: All element-level confidence scores represent the combined output of (a) linguistic marker density — the frequency and co-occurrence of theory-defined lexical and syntactic markers within the evidence sentence — and (b) contextual embedding strength — the degree to which the surrounding discourse reinforces the detected element. Scores are not Softmax class probabilities; they are expert-system certainty indices calibrated to the Al Sharoufi-Sharifian-Mey framework’s definitional criteria for each element type.

Generated automatically by ADAR's Premium MANOVA engine. No SPSS, R, or statistician required — but expert editorial review before publication is strongly advised.

Methodological Limitations

This analysis is exploratory and descriptive. The following limitations apply and must be acknowledged in any academic citation of this report:

  • Sample size (n=8 segments): Inferential statistical generalisation requires a substantially larger corpus (≥30 segments or multiple texts). The Kruskal-Wallis results above are descriptive only.
  • Single-text scope: Findings are specific to this passage. Cross-textual or cross-author claims require comparative corpus analysis.
  • Confidence scores: Derived algorithmically using phrase-match strength, contextual embedding depth, and cross-layer corroboration. Inter-rater reliability (Cohen's κ or Krippendorff's α) has not been computed for this output.
  • No external baseline: The LCT Overall Coherence score is text-internal. Comparison against a reference corpus is required to interpret the value as above or below average.
  • Theoretical framework: The Pragmemic-Culturemic Framework applied here is validated in Al Sharoufi & Al Sharoufi (2026, IJSCL). Operationalisation in ADAR follows that publication.
Act IV Cognitive-Cultural Synthesis: How Meaning is Arrived At

The statistical findings are interpreted back into meaning — showing, in academic prose, the precise cognitive and cultural pathway through which this text constructs its meaning in the reader's mind.

Cognitive-Cultural Synthesis: From Detection to Meaning

4 Causal Tables + Relational Flow Graph

The statistical characterisation above reveals that Cultural Schemata, Culturemes show meaningful distributional variation across segments, while inter-layer co-variance was not statistically established in this single-text sample. The four tables below trace each detected element from its textual evidence, through its mechanism and authorial intent, to its cognitive effect on the reader.

Table 1 — Master Causal Chain One row per key detected element — from text to reader mind
Framework Element Layer Textual Evidence What Heidegger Wanted to Convey Cognitive Effect on Reader
Historical Forgetting of the Ontological Question Cultural Schema The question of Being has today been forgotten — although our time considers itself progressive in again affirming "metaphysics." Activate the "Historical Forgetting of the Ontological Question" cognitive framework as the reader's interpretive entry point — establishing the epistemic context before any argument is made Reader's interpretive lens is pre-set; subsequent discourse is filtered through this cognitive frame, reducing resistance
Assertive Speech Act "Being" is the most universal and the emptiest of concepts — as such it resists every attempt at definition, nor does this most universal of concepts require any definition. Claim epistemic authority over the subject — presenting the interpretation as objective fact to be accepted Reader accepts claims without demanding proof — assertive force bypasses scepticism
Ontological Reorientation Pragmeme Even though in our time we consider it progressive to give our approval to "metaphysics" again, it is held that the question has been answered. Yet the question which we are thus to work out is not ju Fuse the propositional content with its cultural-contextual setting — creating a "Ontological Reorientation" meaning event that transcends the literal Reader processes not just what is said but the cultural-contextual weight of the saying — meaning accumulates beyond the semantic surface
Philosophical Questioning as Existential Act Pract The very asking of this question is itself a being's mode of Being; and as such it gets its essential character from what is enquired about — namely, Being. We shall denote by the term "Dasein" the en Bridge the abstract pragmeme to a concrete, recognisable cultural behaviour — making the theoretical tangible and actionable Reader recognises a familiar cultural practice within abstract discourse — grounding comprehension in lived experience
Greek Philosophy (Plato & Aristotle) Cultureme which provided a stimulus for the researches of Plato and Aristotle, but thereafter ceased to be a theme for actual investigation. Invoke "Greek Philosophy (Plato & Aristotle)" to borrow its accumulated cultural authority and locate the discourse within a recognised intellectual heritage Reader locates the text within a shared cultural horizon — lending legitimacy and easing comprehension through familiar reference
Close Reading & Cross-Element Interactions
Table 2 — Cultural Schema → Cognitive Frame How schemata construct the reader's interpretive entry point
Schema Function in Discourse Activating Evidence Cognitive Frame Created
Historical Forgetting of the Ontological Question Establishes the Historical Forgetting of the Ontological Question cognitive framework for the discourse The question of Being has today been forgotten — although our time considers itself progressive in again affirming "metaphysics." Reader interprets subsequent discourse through the Historical Forgetting of the Ontological Question lens
Existence Precedes Conceptual Grasp Establishes the Existence Precedes Conceptual Grasp cognitive framework for the discourse Dasein is an entity which does not just occur among other entities. Rather it is ontically distinguished by the fact that, in its very Being, that Being is an i… Reader interprets subsequent discourse through the Existence Precedes Conceptual Grasp lens
Dasein as Self-Inquiring Being Establishes the Dasein as Self-Inquiring Being cognitive framework for the discourse Dasein is ontically distinctive in that it is ontological. Ontological inquiry is itself a possible kind of being of Dasein. Reader interprets subsequent discourse through the Dasein as Self-Inquiring Being lens
Ontic/Ontological Distinction Establishes the Ontic/Ontological Distinction cognitive framework for the discourse Every ontology, no matter how rich and firmly knit a system of categories, remains fundamentally blind if it has not adequately clarified the meaning of Being. Reader interprets subsequent discourse through the Ontic/Ontological Distinction lens
Close Reading — Schema Activation Phrases
Table 3 — Pragmeme → Meaning Event How pragmemes accumulate contextual meaning step by step
Pragmeme Contextual Trigger Activating Evidence Meaning Event Produced
Ontological Reorientation Invocation of Ontological Reorientation context Even though in our time we consider it progressive to give our approval to "metaphysics" again, it is held that the question has been answered. Yet the question… Context transforms the ontological reorientation utterance into a culturally charged meaning event beyond its literal sense
Conceptual Demarcation Invocation of Conceptual Demarcation context Sciences are ways of Being in which Dasein comports itself toward beings which it need not itself be. But to Dasein, Being in a world is something that belongs … Context transforms the conceptual demarcation utterance into a culturally charged meaning event beyond its literal sense
Epistemic Challenge Invocation of Epistemic Challenge context That which determines beings as beings — that on the basis of which beings are already understood, however we may discuss them in whatever way — this is what we… Context transforms the epistemic challenge utterance into a culturally charged meaning event beyond its literal sense
Historical Critique Invocation of Historical Critique context Greek ontology and its history — which, in their numerous filiations and distortions, determine the conceptual character of philosophy even today — prove that w… Context transforms the historical critique utterance into a culturally charged meaning event beyond its literal sense
Methodological Directive Invocation of Methodological Directive context If the question of Being is to have its own history made transparent, then this hardened tradition must be loosened up, and the concealments which it has brough… Context transforms the methodological directive utterance into a culturally charged meaning event beyond its literal sense
Theoretical Anchoring — Pragmeme Framework Links
Table 4 — Cultureme → Cultural Authority How culturemes borrow and deploy cultural prestige
Cultureme Cultural Tradition Invoked Activating Evidence Authority Effect on Reader
Greek Philosophy (Plato & Aristotle) Cultural Tradition which provided a stimulus for the researches of Plato and Aristotle, but thereafter ceased to be a theme for actual investigation. Reader locates the discourse within the Greek Philosophy (Plato & Aristotle) tradition — borrowed authority legitimises the claim
Medieval Scholasticism Cultural Tradition Christian theology took over this question from ancient ontology, largely in an uncritical and unoriginal way. Reader locates the discourse within the Medieval Scholasticism tradition — borrowed authority legitimises the claim
German Idealism Cultural Tradition Hegel's Logic, it is said, has taken over the problem in such a fashion that it no longer requires the kind of recasting it needed to get it back on its feet. Reader locates the discourse within the German Idealism tradition — borrowed authority legitimises the claim
Phenomenological Movement (Husserl) Cultural Tradition Ontological inquiry is itself a possible kind of being of Dasein. Dasein's ownmost possibility — understanding of Being — is thus disclosed as inquiring is one … Reader locates the discourse within the Phenomenological Movement (Husserl) tradition — borrowed authority legitimises the claim
Cartesian Tradition Cultural Tradition The question of Being aims at ascertaining the a priori conditions not only for the possibility of the sciences which examine beings as beings of such and such … Reader locates the discourse within the Cartesian Tradition tradition — borrowed authority legitimises the claim
Western Academic Discourse Cultural Tradition It is one thing to give a report in which we tell about entities, and another to grasp entities in their Being. This grounding of the sciences gives rise to pos… Reader locates the discourse within the Western Academic Discourse tradition — borrowed authority legitimises the claim
Statistical Integration — MANOVA & Cultureme Significance
Relational-Causal Flow Graph — Framework Element to Meaning Arrived At
Causal flow graph Each row represents a key detected element. Coloured arrows trace the causal pathway: Framework Element → Mechanism → Authorial Intent → Meaning Arrived At.
Qualitative Causal Architecture:
The four tables above trace how meaning in this text is constructed through the theoretically ordered deployment of all five framework layers. Schema activation establishes the cognitive entry point; pragmemic channelling fills it with context-bound meaning events; speech act anchoring fixes the illocutionary force of each claim; practs bridge abstract discourse to observable cultural behaviour; and culturemes anchor the whole in a shared intellectual horizon. The Relational-Causal Flow Graph above visualises these pathways simultaneously, showing how five distinct mechanisms converge on a single outcome: meaning arrived at in the reader's mind. This is the Pragmemic-Culturemic Framework's principal theoretical contribution — it reveals meaning-making as a structured, theoretically grounded process whose statistical verification requires a larger multi-text corpus.

Cite This Analysis

APA 7th edition

To cite this ADAR-generated analysis in a paper, thesis, or book chapter, use the following format:

Al Sharoufi, H. (2026). Discourse analysis: The Ontological Priority of the Question of Being. Generated using the ADAR — Advanced Discourse Analysis Research platform (Al Sharoufi & Al Sharoufi, 2026). Retrieved from https://disourseanalyser.org/sample-manova-report

Framework validation paper (cite alongside ADAR):

Al Sharoufi, H. & Al Sharoufi, Z. (2026). A conceptual culturemic framework for analyzing cross-cultural miscommunication. International Journal of Society, Culture & Language. https://doi.org/10.22034/ijscl.2026.2087259.4471

Theoretical References

APA 7th edition
  • Al Sharoufi, H. & Al Sharoufi, Z. (2026). A conceptual culturemic framework for analyzing cross-cultural miscommunication. International Journal of Society, Culture & Language. https://doi.org/10.22034/ijscl.2026.2087259.4471
  • Austin, J. L. (1975). How to do things with words (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
  • Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and social change. Polity Press.
  • Foucault, M. (1972). The archaeology of knowledge. Pantheon Books.
  • Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the prison notebooks. Lawrence & Wishart.
  • Mey, J. L. (1999). Pragmatics: An introduction. Blackwell.
  • Mey, J. L. (2001). Pragmatic acts. In D. Schiffrin, D. Tannen, & H. E. Hamilton (Eds.), The handbook of discourse analysis (pp. 214–234). Blackwell.
  • Searle, J. R. (1969). Speech acts: An essay in the philosophy of language. Cambridge University Press.
  • Sharifian, F. (2017). Cultural linguistics: Cultural conceptualisations and language. John Benjamins.
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